It has been said that Newman saw the unitary-transformative paradigm as the only paradigm for nursing (Ugarriza, 2002). According to Smith and Parker (2015), there are three grand theories clustered in the unitary-transformational paradigm: Margaret’s Newman’s Theory of Health as Expanding Consciousness, Martha E. Rogers’ Science of Unitary Human Beings, and Rosemarie Rizzo Parse’s Humanbecoming Paradigm.

It has been said that Newman saw the unitary-transformative paradigm as the only paradigm for nursing (Ugarriza, 2002). According to Smith and Parker (2015), there are three grand theories clustered in the unitary-transformational paradigm: Margaret’s Newman’s Theory of Health as Expanding Consciousness, Martha E. Rogers’ Science of Unitary Human Beings, and Rosemarie Rizzo Parse’s Humanbecoming Paradigm.

In these theories, the human being and environment are conceptualized as irreducible fields open with the environment. The person and the environment are continuously changing and evolving through mutual patterning. Several of Martha’s Rogers’ assumptions became central in enriching Newman’s theoretical perspective. First and foremost, Rogers saw health and illness not as two separate realities but rather as a unitary process (Pharris, 2015, p. 282). Rather than focusing on disease and cellular biological processes, the science of unitary human beings are irreducible wholes inseparable from their environment (Butcher and Malinski, 2015, p. 257).
The four phenomena of central interest that define nursing practice are identified as nursing, person, health, and environment. These four phenomena or concepts make up the overall metaparadigm of nursing (Thompson, 2017). The metaparadigm in nursing describes those concepts that define the discipline of nursing; since these unitary-transformative theoretical approaches see human beings as unitary and inseparable from the larger unitary field that combines person, family, and community all at once; a nurse practicing within the unitary-transformative paradigm does not think of mind, body, spirit, and emotion as separate entities but rather sees them as manifestation of an undivided whole (Pharris, 2015, p. 283).

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